This observation was surprising and very important as blocking the viral cycle at different stages has a higher chance of impeding the viral infection, according to Peter Valtchev, Ph.D. and co-author of the study,

According to the study, the application of the elderberry solution also strengthened the reactions of the cells against the virus. They stimulated the release of certain cytokines. These are chemical messengers that the immunity uses to communicate between various cell types and create a more effective response against invading pathogens.

The study concluded that the antiviral abilities of elderberries happen thanks to anthocyanidins or plant pigments that they contain. Other research has found that anthocyanidins also possess antioxidant effects which means that they can keep the cells safe from damage.