7. Surgery (Bunionectomy)
For severe bunions that significantly impact your daily activities and don’t respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be the best option. Bunion surgery, or bunionectomy, is a procedure that realigns the bones, ligaments, and tendons in the foot to correct the misalignment and remove the bony protrusion.
There are different types of bunion surgery, depending on the severity of the condition:
Osteotomy: The surgeon cuts and realigns the bone to correct the position of the big toe.
Exostectomy: The surgeon removes part of the bony bump but does not realign the bones, often performed in conjunction with osteotomy.
Arthrodesis: For severe cases or arthritic bunions, the surgeon fuses the joint to prevent further movement and pain.
Recovery from bunion surgery typically takes several weeks to months, and it involves wearing a cast or surgical shoe, physical therapy, and a gradual return to normal activities. While surgery is effective, it’s generally considered a last resort due to the recovery time and potential risks.
Preventing Bunions
While bunions can’t always be prevented, especially if they are hereditary, there are steps you can take to minimize your risk:
Wear shoes with a wide toe box and avoid high heels: Properly fitting shoes that allow your toes to move freely can reduce the risk of bunions forming.
Support your feet: If you have flat feet or other structural issues, consider using orthotics to improve your foot mechanics.
Take breaks: If you’re on your feet a lot, take regular breaks to reduce pressure on your toes and prevent strain on the joints.
Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can place additional pressure on your feet, potentially exacerbating foot problems like bunions.

Bunions are a common yet often painful foot condition that can significantly affect your mobility and quality of life. While conservative treatments such as wearing proper footwear, using bunion pads, and doing toe exercises can provide relief and slow progression, surgery may be necessary in severe cases. The key to managing bunions is early intervention and ongoing care to prevent them from worsening. By taking proactive steps, you can minimize discomfort, maintain foot health, and enjoy an active lifestyle.